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Whole-life Thinking and Engineering the Future

Roger Flanagan

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 290-296 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014040

摘要： Whole-life thinking for engineers working on the built environment has become more important in a fast changing world. Whole-life thinking is not new, every project attempts to balance the initial capital cost with the operating and maintenance cost of an asset. Engineers are increasingly concerned with complex systems, in which the parts interact with each other and with the outside world in many ways — the relationships between the parts determine how the system behaves. Systems thinking provides one approach to developing a more robust whole-life approach. Systems thinking is a process of understanding how things influence one another within a wider perspective. Complexity, chaos, and risk are endemic in all major projects. New approaches are needed to produce more reliable whole-life predictions. Best value, rather than lowest cost, can be achieved by using whole-life appraisal as a part of the design and delivery strategy.

关键词： whole-life thinking systems thinking complexity chaos risk management through life

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Floating production storage and offloading systems’ cost and motion performance: A systems thinking application

Rini NISHANTH, Andrew WHYTE, V. John KURIAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 357-368 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018022

摘要：

Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units increasingly represent a practical and economic means for deep-water oil extraction and production. Systems thinking gives a unique opportunity to seek a balance between FPSO technical performance(s), with whole-cost; stakeholder decision-making is charged to align different fit-for-use design specification options’ that address technical-motion(s), with respective life-cycle cost analyses (LCCA). Soft system methodology allows situation based analyses over set periods-of-time by diagnosing the problem-at-hand; namely, assessing the antecedents of life-cycle cost relative to FPSO sub-component design alternatives. Alternative mooring- component comparisons for either new-build hulls or refurbished hulls represent an initial necessary consideration to facilitate extraction, production and storage of deep-water oil reserves. Coupled dynamic analysis has been performed to generate FPSO motion in six degrees of freedom using SESAM DeepC, while life-cycle cost analysis (LCAA) studies give net-present-value comparisons reflective of market conditions. A parametric study has been conducted by varying wave heights from 4 – 8 m to understand FPSO motion behavior in the presence of wind and current, as well as comparing the motions of turreted versus spread mooring design alternatives. LCCA data has been generated to compare the cost of such different mooring options/hull conditions over 10 and 25-year periods. Systems thinking has been used to explain the interaction of problem variables; resultantly this paper is able to identify explicit factors affecting the choice of FPSO configurations in terms of motion and whole-cost, toward assisting significantly with the front-end engineering design (FEED) phase of fit-for-purpose configured FPSOs, in waters off Malaysia and Australia.

关键词： FPSO LCCA spread/turret-mooring DeepC cost motion soft-systems

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Systems thinking in construction: Improving the productivity and performance of infrastructure projects

Peter E.D. LOVE, Hanbin LUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 285-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018205

摘要：

关键词： valign= top class= J_zhaiyao

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Conceptualising the nexus of projects, finance and capacity in construction business

Arun BAJRACHARYA, Stephen Olu OGUNLANA, Cheng Siew GOH, Hai Chen TAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 289-297 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018021

摘要：

This paper addresses a research question on why construction companies fail in their business. Starting with the concept of growth and capacity underinvestment archetype, a new and operational systems thinking model is developed. The conceptual systems thinking model includes a set of causal structure that can explain various modes (including the growth and failure modes) of business performance of small and medium construction companies. Mainly the three components – projects, finance and capacity – and the understanding of their nexus (or causal inter-relationships) are found to be sufficient to reveal different performance modes in construction business. Further, the three operational aspects, namely, the business growth or decline process; the situation of financial and other capacity resource consumption; and the management of projects, finance and other capacity resources have been identified as the inter-related core and integral aspects of construction business. The three inter-related core aspects could actually include and explain different possible range of business situations, policies and practices in a construction company.

关键词： performance of construction business projects finance capacity systems thinking

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论创造性思维

冯国瑞

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第6期页码 15-21

摘要：

文章首先阐明了创新与创造的联系与区别，然后重点论述了创造性思维的界定、创造性思维的运演机制、创造性思维的重大意义以及全面提高思维主体综合素质等问题。

关键词：创新创造创造性思维思维主体思维客体

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Strategic Thinking on Shallow-water Oil and Gas Exploration in Offshore China

Ke-qiang Wu,Jian-yong Xu,Bo Kang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 349-355 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016056

摘要： The oil and gas exploration in offshore China has made great achievements, and as the important areas of offshore exploration, the shallow waters contribute most of the oil and gas reserves and production. However, the available area for exploration is diminishing and the cost of exploration is rising. The field changes and ever increasing difficulties of exploration bring new challenges technically and economically. Therefore, for effective exploration of shallow-water oil and gas in offshore China, it is necessary to center on the general requirements of becoming a powerful marine country and the ideas of value exploration, initiate key research projects in the fields of China’s offshore stratigraphic-lithologic reserves, Paleogene reserves, buried-hill reserves, high temperature and pressure reserves and hydrocarbon-rich sags, and form geological theories and explorative technologies of large and medium size oil and gas field in offshore China. The measures regarding the challenges include: (1) Innovating theoretical understanding and optimizing new exploration fields, (2) developing technical capabilities and improving the success rate of exploration, and (3) enhancing management level and deepening value exploration.

关键词： offshore China shallow-water oil and gas exploration strategic thinking challenge countermeasure

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Calling systematic thinking in addressing water security issues

Jining CHEN, Pengfei DU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 625-625 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0564-6

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From systematicness to complexity: Fundamental thinking of mega-project management

Zhaohan SHENG, Han LIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 125-127 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018001

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思维的两重性及其向创造性思维的转化纪念钱学森院士《关于思维科学》发表15周年

梁桂明

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第2期页码 26-34

摘要：

进入21世纪的新时代，带来与思维相关的两个特征：创新与共融。关于创新，如何激发创造性思维？成为热门的话题。从唯物辩证法的哲学的认识论和真理的相对性的高度来探索，发现任何一种思维形式（包括演绎法思维和定势-习惯思维）都具有两重性，即非创造性与创造性并存，在一定条件下，非创造性思维可以转化或激发为创造性思维，产生新知识，获得创新成果。关于共融，如何进行思维的界定和分类，有许多种说法。笔者把心理学与生理学的成果融合起来，形成两大类，即左半脑主导的理性思维和右半脑主导的悟性思维。其基本的思维形式的分类与思维的大类结合，成为两大类7种。把辩证法和共融结合，得到下列结论：理性思维与感性思维的统一，原有知识与新知识的统一，设想与验证的统一，发现与发明的统一，科学（真感）与艺术（美感）的统一。对最后一个结论，笔者以工业产品造型设计原理的探索为例加以说明。此原理在工业设计上属首次推出。

关键词：创造性思维转化条件知识的相对性融合

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钱学森与思维科学

卢明森

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第2期页码 8-15

摘要：

文章分析了钱学森倡导建立思维科学的背景和必要性，介绍了钱学森关于思维科学研究的对象、基本道路、思想来源的一系列论述，阐述了钱学森倡导建立的思维科学是现代科学技术体系中的11个大部门之一，它包含基础科学、技术科学与工程技术三个层次，分别介绍了各个层次近20年来所取得的初步成果。

关键词：认知科学思维科学抽象思维形象思维创造性思维模式识别

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深度IA双向智能 Personal View

Lei XU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第4期页码 558-562 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900541

摘要：概述了一个深度双向智能框架。由底向上方向有两个行为，一是获取信息形成适当的模式表示，二是抽象—自组织认知，简记为“A-S认知”，将输入模式抽象为概念，由一个标签表示，并通过自组织学习以理解模式构成的层次表示。而顶层内域中的行为统称为“A-I思维”，包含积累、融合、归纳、和灵感等。由顶向下方向也有两个行为，一个简称“I-S推理”，进行推理和综合，执行各种形象思维和问题求解任务，另一个是与环境交互，执行控制、通讯和检验的任务。在这个双向智能框架基础上，探讨了进行综合推理的可能性。

关键词：抽象；最小均方误差重建自组织学习（Lmser）；认知；形象思维；抽象思维；综合推理

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Establishing distinctive theories and methods of design science rooted in Chinese traditional culture

Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第3期页码 430-437 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0583-5

摘要： The human social development saw the formation of five unique civilizations, with the latter forming their own distinctive cultures. China’s traditional culture is its most fundamental ideological weapon for solving problems. The Chinese are good at comprehensive thinking, dialectical thinking, and systematic analysis. These ideological weapons can solve the problems of formal science and technology and create scientific and technological achievements on par with global advanced scale. Ancient China is filled with original scientific and technological achievements, which strongly prove ancient China’s possession of its own science and technology different from that of Western Renaissance. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of science, technology, experience, and intuition is necessary. The long-held superstition regarding the West, the lack of confidence, self-denial, blind imitation of ideas, and shackles must be thrown away. Only then can we take the road toward an authentic Chinese creative design as we learn from others.

关键词： traditional Chinese culture comprehensive thinking systematic analysis Needham’s Grand Question ancient Chinese scientific and technological achievements design driving innovation design theoretical thinking design dialectical methods

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超越目标6.3：以一种系统分析方法来重新审视资源匮乏世界中的可持续发展目标

Qiong Zhang, Christine Prouty, Julie B. Zimmerman, James R. Mihelcic

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第4期页码 481-489 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.010

摘要：

《2030 年可持续发展议程》概述了17 个独立的可持续发展目标(SDGs)，用于指导世界范围内包括工程、科研、政策和发展在内的大量专业学科的实践。SDGs 致力于减少贫困、饥饿和疾病，同时致力于改善性别歧视、环境恶化以及水和卫生设施匮乏的现状。但是，如果我们采取传统的简化方法研究和优化其中的单一目标，很可能由于在实现其他目标时带来的意外后果，而导致在技术、政策或管理层面的失败。本研究采用系统分析方法研究SDGs 之间的动态机理，识别个体目标之间的协同或拮抗作用，构建了一个概念系统模型来说明SDGs 之间的因果联系，利用了通用系统基模来检验系统结构，确定了杠杆节点来有效控制系统中的预期变化并最小化非预期变化。SDGs 之间相互作用的结构反映了系统行为的三种基模：强化成长、成长上限和成长与投资不足。由概念模型确定的杠杆节点包括：性别平等、水和卫生设施的可持续管理、可替代资源、可持续生活标准和全球伙伴关系。这种对SDGs 的概念系统分析能够加深发展社区对资源管理、环境可持续发展和气候变化相关项目带来的潜在协同效应的理解。通过把项目间的影响和反馈与经济收益、妇女平权和教育平等联系起来，利益相关者可以意识到可从整体上改善全球众多贫困群体的生活质量。

关键词：系统思考卫生设施环境保护性别资源回收因果关系图可持续性

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Strategic Thinking on a Revolution/an Evolution in Production and Consumption of Energy in China

Ke-chang Xie,Ke Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 30-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014006

摘要： This article summarizes the thinking behind the call for a revolution/an evolution in China's energy production and consumption. China is still a developing country, though it has experienced fast economic growth in the past thirty years. It achieved great accomplishments surprising the world, and it is also confronted with challenges on energy supply and environmental protection. As environmental pollution becomes more and more serious, the energy challenges have become more and more complicated. With this in mind, the authors analyzed China's energy situation, China's energy supply and consumption, the world energy map, China's commitment both to improving its domestic environment and fulfilling its international obligations to control climate change. Action plans are presented to support the call for a revolution/an evolution in China's energy production and consumption as an effective assurance for China's ambitious goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

关键词： revolution evolution energy production consumption